Highly flexible foil composite material and its use in card bodies

ABSTRACT

A foil composite material usable as a layer in a card body of a portable data carrier, that includes one outer plastic layer, one inner plastic layer and one second outer plastic layer. All the layers jointly form a coextruded composite, and the plastic of one outer layer is a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture thereof. The plastic of the one inner layer is a mixture of at least one thermoplastic elastomer and at least one thermoplastic polymer. The plastic of the second outer layer is a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture thereof.

This invention relates to a foil composite material, to a method formanufacturing the foil composite material, as well as to a card body, inparticular a card body for a portable data carrier, which contains thefoil composite material, and to a method for manufacturing the cardbody.

In the production of card bodies, in particular for portable datacarriers, such as e.g. chip cards, several plastic foils lying one overthe other are laminated to each other. As plastic foils there areusually employed thermoplastic foils because of their goodlaminatability, e.g. foils made of polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate,polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate or thermoplasticpolyurethanes. A disadvantage of card bodies made of such thermoplasticfoils is their deficient mechanical properties with regard to bendingstress and the action of impact force. There result stresses in the cardbody, and finally cracks. The installation of electronic modules alsousually leads to stresses, a weakening of the card body, and ultimatelyto an elevated susceptibility to cracks and breaks.

To improve the mechanical properties of such card bodies it isadvantageous to employ foils made of thermoplastic elastomer, forexample based on urethane, within the framework of the laminatingprocess. These foils are exceptionally elastic and can considerablyimprove the bending strength and breaking strength of the cardconstruction. In the print EP 0 430 282 A2 there is described a cardbody in the form of a multilayer identification card wherein a layer ofthermoplastic elastomer is respectively provided between the card coreand corresponding cover foils.

However, it is very difficult to process foils made of thermoplasticelastomer, so-called TPE foils, within the framework of a laminatingprocess upon the manufacture of a card body. On account of their highelasticity the foils are very “limp”. The lack of stiffness leads toproblems upon processing in the production machines, and the lowdimensional stability can also cause register problems upon printing ofthe foils. In addition, the material tends to flow out upon laminating.Further, such foils possess a low glass transition range, which liesunder 0° C., whereby it remains flexible and does not become brittle inthis temperature range. Furthermore, the foils tend to block uponstacking on account of their smooth surfaces, so that the foils in astack are hard to single and transport. To obtain a sufficientconnection stiffness upon lamination of such foils to other materialssuch as polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethyleneterephthalate copolyesters or blends of polyesters and polycarbonate, itis moreover necessary to reach the glass point of the respective othermaterial. Because this glass point regularly lies far above the glasstransition range of thermoplastic elastomers, this frequently leads tothe thermoplastic elastomer floating off, in connection with thedependence on the strength of the viscosity drop in the correspondingtemperature range. This has the consequence that the employed laminatingmachines must often be cleaned. In some cases the foils adjacent to thethermoplastic elastomer can even likewise start to flow, and deform aprinted image located thereon. Although it is possible to laminate atlower temperatures to thereby prevent the foils from floating off, aninsufficiently good laminate bond is normally obtained upon laminatingat low temperatures.

These problems already occur when employing the foil thicknesses of 100μm to 300 μm that are usual in the manufacture of data carriers. Toappreciably protect a data carrier against the risk of breakage,however, it is usually already sufficient to incorporate into theconstruction on both sides, as far outwardly as possible, layers made ofthermoplastic elastomer that are only approximately 30 μm to 50 μmthick. However, these thicknesses are difficult to handle inconventional processing operations. Even very stiff foils such aspolycarbonate foils can no longer be processed at layer thicknesses of50 μm or therebelow.

Hence, it is desirable to combine the positive properties of relativelystiff thermoplastic foils and of foils made of thermoplastic elastomerin a single foil material. A solution approach in this direction isdisclosed in the document EP 0 384 252 B1. The therein described foilcomposite material has a multiplicity of layers, whereby a middle layeris made of thermoplastic elastomer. This layer is adjoined by layersmade of thermoplastic plastics. Upon the manufacture of the compositethere are applied to a foil forming the middle layer the further layers.One application method is simultaneous extrusion.

An object of the present invention is to provide a highly flexible foilmaterial that is suitable for use as a layer in a card body. Inparticular, the foil material should be readily processable within theframework of producing a card body, and guarantee good mechanicalproperties of the card body. Desired properties of such a foil materialare

-   -   high flexibility in order to guarantee the desired bending        strength, in particular dynamic bending strength, of the card;    -   the capability to avoid stresses, cracks and breaks in the card,        in particular also upon installation of electronic modules into        the card;    -   good laminatability to common card materials, in particular        thermoplastic foils, preferably without auxiliary layers;    -   good printability, preferably without pretreatment for printing;    -   good dimensional stability upon manufacture and processing;    -   simple, and preferably inexpensive, manufacturability;    -   good handling upon further processing, in particular avoidance        of blocking, and    -   unproblematic integratability into the conventional process of        data-carrier manufacture.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a card body, inparticular a card body for a portable data carrier, that avoids thedisadvantages of the prior art. In particular, the card body shouldreadily tolerate the installation of electronic modules and have goodresistance to stress cracks and breaks, for example upon bending stressand the action of impact force.

These objects are achieved by the foil composite material, the methodfor manufacturing a foil composite material, the card body and themethod for manufacturing a card body having the features as stated inthe respective independent claims. Special embodiments of the presentinvention are stated in the dependent claims.

According to the invention there is provided a foil composite materialhaving at least three, preferably five, and optionally more than five,layers, i.e. at least one inner layer and one first and one second outerlayer which cover the inner layer on both its surfaces. The layersrespectively consist of a plastic material, i.e. of plastic that isoptionally mixed with usual additives. The plastic of the first and thesecond outside layer is respectively a thermoplastic polymer or amixture of thermoplastic polymers. The plastic of the at least one innerlayer is a mixture of at least one thermoplastic elastomer and at leastone thermoplastic polymer. Such a foil composite material combines theadvantageous elasticity properties of the elastomer with theadvantageous properties of the thermoplastic, for example with regard tolaminatability and handling. The manufacture of such a compositematerial raises technical problems, because the usable materials must becarefully coordinated with each other to achieve the desired foilproperties. An important role is also played by the choice of therespective layer thicknesses, of the suitable process parameters andextruder configurations, and the suitable composition of theformulations.

The inner plastic layer of the foil composite material preferablyconsists of more than one layer, particularly preferably of threepartial layers, an interior inner plastic layer and two exterior innerplastic layers. The reason for this construction comprising severalpartial layers is primarily that the optimal extrusion temperatures andmelt viscosities of thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers arerelatively far apart. Hence, an extrusion of a foil composite materialhaving an inner layer made of at least one thermoplastic elastomer andouter layers made of at least one thermoplastic is technically verydifficult and typically fails to yield good and reproducible foilqualities. According to the invention, the melt viscosities andextrusion temperatures of the materials forming the individual layersare gradationally approximated to each other by compoundings. This makesit possible for extruders that extrude the respective neighboring layersof the foil composite material being manufactured to be operated withsimilar or gradationally approximated process parameters, which in turnresults in a better, more homogeneous superimposition of the melt layersand an improved mutual adhesive strength of the layers.

The two outer plastic layers can be identical or different. Typically,the outer plastic layers of the foil composite material consist of thesame materials and have the same thickness, i.e. the foil compositematerial is symmetrical with regard to its outer layers. This is notnecessary, however, i.e. the outer layers can differ with regard totheir plastics, as well as with regard to their thicknesses, as well aswith regard to any additives.

The inner plastic layer consists of a mixture of at least onethermoplastic elastomer and at least one thermoplastic, whereby, inorder to achieve a suitable gradation of the properties of neighboringlayers, the thermoplastic is preferably the same thermoplastic that wasused in the neighboring outer layer. At least in the case of only asingle inner plastic layer it is hence very advantageous to respectivelyuse the same thermoplastic material for both outer plastic layers.

When the inner plastic layer of the foil composite material isconstructed from several partial layers, each of the partial layersrespectively contains a mixture of at least one thermoplastic elastomerand at least one thermoplastic, whereby the proportion of thethermoplastic elastomer is higher, the further inward in the foilcomposite material the respective partial layer lies. For the purposesof achieving good foil qualities and a good mutual adhesive strength ofthe layers it is preferred to use the same thermoplastic elastomer ormixture of thermoplastic elastomers for all partial layers of the innerlayer. It is equally preferred to use the same thermoplastic polymer ormixture of thermoplastic polymers for all partial layers of the innerlayer. If the first outer plastic layer and the second outer plasticlayer contain different thermoplastic polymers, it is preferred toperform a stepwise approximation of the composition inwardly. For a foilcomposite material having an inner layer made of three partial layers,this would mean that the first exterior inner plastic layer preferablycontains the same thermoplastic as the first outer plastic layer, andthe second exterior inner plastic layer preferably contains the samethermoplastic as the second outer plastic layer. The interior innerplastic layer would then preferably contain the thermoplastic of thefirst outer plastic layer as well as the thermoplastic of the secondouter plastic layer.

Although the partial layers of an inner plastic layer preferably havethe same types of thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic, they canreadily differ with regard to their thicknesses and their accessoryagents. In an inner layer comprising three partial layers, the innermostlayer is preferably the thickest partial layer. Typically, the foilcomposite material is symmetrical with regard to its inner layers. Suchmaterials can be manufactured most easily.

The thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastics must be compatible witheach other and readily intermiscible. Moreover, their extrusiontemperatures and melt viscosities should be as similar as possible. As aplastic for the outer layers it is preferred to use polyester(preferably PETG), polycarbonate or blends of polyester andpolycarbonate. As a thermoplastic elastomer for the inner layer or innerlayers, thermoplastic urethane elastomers, in particular thermoplasticurethane elastomers based on aromatic esters or ethers, are preferred.Although aliphatic thermoplastic elastomers based on urethane have theadvantage of being UV-stable, they can hardly be processed bycoextrusion with the preferred thermoplastics. Reproducible foilqualities can only be obtained with difficulty. Although the aromatictypes have the disadvantage of low UV stability, this disadvantage caneasily be remedied by the addition of UV stabilizers, as arecommercially available. For gradational approximation of the properties,each inner layer has an admixture of a thermoplastic, preferably of thethermoplastic of the bordering outer layer.

There are thermoplastic elastomers with different Shore D hardnesses,whereby the respective hardness should be coordinated with thethermoplastic of the bordering or nearest outer layer. When thethermoplastics are polyesters, there is preferably used as athermoplastic elastomer a thermoplastic elastomer with a Shore Dhardness of 35 to 50, and when the thermoplastic is a polycarbonate,there is preferably used as an elastomer an elastomer with a Shore Dhardness in the range of 40 to 70, in particular between 50 and 65.Further, the thermoplastic elastomers should have as many as possible ofthe following properties: they should have an elongation at breakbetween 300% and 700%, in particular between 350% and 500%; they shouldpossess a melt viscosity in dependence on the melt temperature, andpreferably have an MFI of 7 to 11 cm³/10 min; their processingtemperatures should lie between 190° C. and 240° C., in particularbetween 210° C. and 240° C.; they should be resistant to hydrolysis;they should possess an affinity for the thermoplastics used for theouter layers, in particular for polyesters and/or polycarbonates.

The foil composite material according to the invention can bemanufactured in transparent, colored or colorless, and opaqueembodiments. Opaque embodiments contain besides the plastic components,and optionally other additives, fillers such as for example titaniumdioxide (white) and carbon black (black). Colored pigments such asvarious metal oxides can also be contained. For example, opaqueembodiments contain TiO2BaSO4 as a filler as a white pigment. Inparticular in stretched foils, the opacity can also be produced byvoids.

When the foil composite material is used as an outer layer of a cardbody, it is preferably transparent. Preferred plastic compositions(without consideration of additives) for a five-layered transparent foilcomposite material are respectively 0% thermoplastic elastomer and 100%thermoplastic for the first and the second outer layer, respectively 20%to 50% thermoplastic elastomer and 80% to 50% thermoplastic for thefirst and the second exterior inner layer, and 30% to 70%, preferably50% to 70%, thermoplastic elastomer and 70% to 30%, preferably 50% to30%, thermoplastic for the interior inner layer.

When the foil composite material according to the invention is used inthe interior of a card construction, it is preferably opaque. Preferredcompositions (with consideration of plastics and fillers) for afive-layered opaque foil composite material are: respectively 0%elastomer, 85% to 95% thermoplastic and 5% to 15% filler for the firstand the second outer layer; respectively 20% to 50% elastomer, 75% to35% thermoplastic and 5% to 15% filler for the first and the secondexterior inner layer, and 50% to 70% thermoplastic elastomer, 45% to 15%thermoplastic and 5% to 15% filler for the interior inner layer.

These figures are in percent by weight, no consideration being taken ofany additives such as UV stabilizers, dyes, laser additives, etc.

The foil composite material according to the invention can also havemore than three partial layers made of elastomer/thermoplastic mixtures.Independently of the exact composition and the kind of thermoplasticsand elastomers used, it is always essential that the content ofthermoplastic elastomer in an interior partial layer is at least as highas, and preferably higher than, the content of thermoplastic elastomerin the bordering exterior partial layer.

Besides the plastics themselves, the materials for the individual layerscan contain common additives, for example the above-mentioned fillersand UV stabilizers, or also color pigments, flame retardants, opticalbrighteners, oxidation stabilizers and laser additives. The admixture ofauxiliary agents is preferably kept low so as to interfere with themutual coordination of the plastic materials as little as possible. Therespective outer layers of the foil composite material can also containan admixture of antiblocking agents.

The total thickness of the foil composite material according to theinvention typically lies between 50 μm and 350 μm, whereby the thicknessvaries, depending on the place in the layer sequence of a card bodywhere the foil composite material is to be provided. When the foilcomposite material is used as an interior layer, i.e. as a part of thecore layer construction, total layer thicknesses in the range of about150 μm to 350 μm, for example 240 μm, are preferred. When the foilcomposite material is used as a cover layer, total layer thicknesses inthe range of about 80 μm to 130 μm, for example 105 μm, are preferred.Referring to the total layer thickness as 100%, about 10% to 30%respectively falls on the first and the second outer plastic layer here,and accordingly about 80% to 40% on the inner plastic layer. Aparticularly preferred layer thickness distribution is, with a deviationof respectively about ±3%, 10% respectively for the first and the secondouter plastic layer, 20% respectively for the first and the secondexterior inner plastic layer, and 40% for the interior inner plasticlayer.

The manufacture of the foil composite material according to theinvention is effected by coextrusion. In so doing, the plastic materialsprovided for the individual layers of the foil composite materialaccording to the invention are respectively melted in suitableextruders, optionally with the admixture of the corresponding additives,and the melt is supplied to a feedblock or a wide slot nozzle. The foilmaterials are so merged in the feedblock or wide slot nozzle prior todischarge that the layer sequence of the hereinabove described foilcomposite material arises. Upon manufacture, attention should be paid inparticular to the following:

The thermoplastic elastomers, in particular the preferred thermoplasticelastomers based on urethane, are hygroscopic. Hence, the elastomersmust be predried well prior to processing, i.e. the residual moistureshould be less than 0.05%, because otherwise a degradation throughhydrolysis can occur during the processing operation in the extruder.

The thermoplastic elastomers are thermally degraded at elevatedtemperatures. Hence, their residence time in the extruders must be keptas short as possible, i.e. a continuous feed of the melt withoutinterruption be ensured.

The foil composite materials must contain a minimum total amount ofthermoplastic elastomer in order for the foil to possess a sufficientelasticity to be able to compensate the occurring stresses andmechanical loads in the structure of a card body later. Typically, about40% thermoplastic elastomer is required, but the value can be lower orhigher depending on the card construction and the thermoplasticelastomer. It is necessary to provide extruder configurations that areable to feed the corresponding layer thicknesses continuously. Normally,it is advantageous to make the layer thicknesses of the layers withthermoplastic elastomer as large as possible, and to make the proportionof thermoplastic elastomer in the respective layers likewise as large aspossible.

Thermoplastics and thermoplastic elastomers (in particular the preferredthermoplastic polyesters and thermoplastic elastomers based on urethane)have optimal extrusion temperatures and melt viscosities that arerelatively far apart. Hence, the formulations must be so adjusted thatthe extrusion temperatures and the melt viscosities of neighboringlayers are approximated by the compoundings of thermoplastics andthermoplastic elastomers, so that a homogeneous superimposition of themelt layers is guaranteed. Exemplary formulations were already statedhereinabove. Exemplary processing parameters are stated for FIG. 1.

For a five-layered foil composite material, the extrusion (temperatureof the extrusion nozzle or the melt temperatures of the individualmolten streams) of the first and the second outer plastic layer ispreferably effected at 200 to 280° C., particularly preferably at 210 to260° C., the extrusion of the first and the second exterior innerplastic layer preferably at a temperature of 200 to 270° C.,particularly preferably at 210 to 260° C., and the extrusion of theinterior inner plastic layer preferably at 190 to 270° C., particularlypreferably at 220 to 250° C.

In the foil composite material according to the invention, excellentbond values of the layers with each other are obtained, i.e. the mutualadhesive strength of the layers typically amounts to at least 30 N/cm.

The foil composite material according to the invention is in particularsuitable for being used as a layer in the layer construction of a cardbody in order to improve the mechanical properties of the card body.

Card bodies, in particular card bodies for chip cards and other datacarriers, typically consist of a multiplicity of layers which areinterconnected by laminating. The individual layers usually consist ofthermoplastic polymeric materials, such as polyvinyl chloride,polycarbonate or polyethylene terephthalate. Between the layers or inrecesses of the layers there can be located electronic components andimprinted antennas. As at least one of the layers of the card body herethere is used a foil composite material according to the invention. Inparticular, the foil composite material according to the invention isused as one or as both cover layers (overlay foil) of the card body.Alternatively or additionally, the foil composite material according tothe invention can be provided within the card construction (inlay foil),i.e. form a core layer.

For manufacturing the card body, the plastic foils that are to form thelater card body are laminated to each other. Laminating can be effectedin a single operation, i.e. all foil materials that are to form the cardbody are stacked and laminated in one operation. Alternatively,laminating can be carried out in two or more operations, that is, only aportion of the foils is respectively laminated jointly into a partialstack, and the partial stacks are then stacked and laminated into thecard body in a further operation later. A good laminate bond is obtainedhere by laminating at a temperature between 120° C. and 200° C., inparticular between 130° C. and 180° C., preferably between 140° C. and160° C.

Preferably, laminating is carried out in a heating station and a coolingstation, whereby the pressure in the heating station and the pressure inthe cooling station are chosen suitably. The laminating time preferablylies respectively between 10 minutes and 25 minutes in the heatingand/or cooling station.

The card bodies according to the invention typically have totalthicknesses in the range of about 0.5 to 1.0 mm. The total thickness ofthe foil composite material according to the invention normally liesbetween 80 μm and 350 μm, depending on the place in the layeredcomposite of the card body where the foil composite material is to beused. Inlay foils are usually thicker than overlay foils, whereby thetotal thickness for inlay foils typically lies in the range of 150 μm to350 μm, and the total thickness for overlay foils typically lies in therange of 80 μm to 130 μm. The foil composite materials according to theinvention, due to their outer layers made of thermoplastic plastic, fusevery well with neighboring layers of the card-body layer construction,so that a stable card-body laminate bond is obtained. Simultaneously,the outer layers made of thermoplastic ensure, when the foil compositematerial according to the invention is used as an overlay foil or whenfor example a foil according to the invention is used as a core foil,that the card bodies can be printed and handled without any problems,and do not tend to block.

The invention will hereinafter be illustrated further on the basis offigures. It is pointed out that the figures are not true to proportionand not true to scale. Moreover, it is pointed out that the figures areonly intended to explain the invention more closely and are by no meansto be understood as restrictive. Identical reference numbers designateidentical elements.

There are shown:

FIG. 1 a section through a foil composite material according to theinvention having an inner plastic layer which consists of an interiorinner layer and two exterior inner layers, a first outer plastic layerand a second outer plastic layer,

FIG. 2 a section through a foil composite material according to theinvention having an inner plastic layer, a first outer plastic layer anda second outer plastic layer,

FIG. 3 a section through a foil composite material according to theinvention having an inner plastic layer which consists of an interiorinner layer and two exterior inner layers, as well as having two firstouter plastic layers and two second outer plastic layers,

FIG. 4 a section through a card body according to the invention havingtwo foil composite materials according to the invention as cover layersand having a chip module,

FIG. 5 a section through a card body according to the invention havingtwo foil composite materials according to the invention as partiallayers of the card core and having a chip module, and

FIG. 6 a section through a card body according to the invention havingtwo foil composite materials according to the invention as cover layers,as well as two foil composite materials according to the invention aspartial layers of the card core, and having a chip module.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a foil composite material 4 accordingto the invention in cross section. In this embodiment, the inner plasticlayer consists of an interior partial layer 31, a first exterior partiallayer 32 and a second exterior partial layer 33. Located thereon are afirst outer plastic layer 1 and a second outer plastic layer 2. Theseouter plastic layers contain as the plastic component (besides anyadditives that might be present) a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture ofthermoplastic polymers. The inner layers 31, 32, 33 contain as theplastic component (besides any additives that might be present)respectively a mixture of at least one thermoplastic elastomer and atleast one thermoplastic polymer. The interior inner layer 31 has ahigher content of thermoplastic elastomer than the exterior inner layers32, 33. In the inner layer 3 or the partial layers 31, 32, 33 there isused the same thermoplastic polymer or mixture of thermoplastic polymersas in the outer layers 1, 2. Through the gradation in the compositionsof the layers from pure thermoplastic on the outside to a mixture with ahigh elastomer content in the innermost layer, respective neighboringlayers are relatively similar to each other or approximated to eachother, and upon extrusion there can be obtained a homogeneoussuperimposition of the melt layers and a good mutual adhesion of theindividual partial layers.

The manufacture of the foil composite material 4 can be effected forexample by melting granules with three different compositions orcompoundings (granules A for the first and the second outer plasticlayer 1, 2; granules B for the first and the second exterior innerplastic layer 32, 33; granules C for the interior inner plastic layer31) in three extruders A, B, C, and respectively extruding thecorresponding molten streams (material A from extruder A, material Bfrom extruder B, material C from extruder C) through a wide slot nozzleand merging them into the represented layer construction. Alternatively,it is possible to merge the layers in the feedblock prior to extrudingthrough the wide slot nozzle. Further, there is the alternativepossibility of merging the layers only in the wide slot nozzle, aso-called multi-channel nozzle, itself, prior to the melt discharge. Inthe represented embodiment, the foil composite material is symmetricalin construction, i.e. the outer layers 1, 2 and the partial layers ofthe inner layer 32, 33 respectively have the same composition and thesame thickness. This is not necessary, however. In the case ofasymmetrical foil composite materials, a corresponding greater number ofextruders and a different corresponding feedblock constellation arerequired for manufacture.

Hereinafter there will be stated some concrete exemplary formulationsfor a transparent foil composite material and an opaque foil compositematerial.

Transparent foil, material thickness 105 to 110 μm, layer thicknessratio 1/32/31/33/2=10/20/40/20/10:

Layers 1, 2: 4% S462+4% S465+92% PETG Layers 32, 33: 4% S465+32% 9665DU+64% PETG Layer 31: 4% S465+65% 9665 DU+31% PETG

Opaque foil, material thickness 120 μm, layer thickness ratio1/32/31/33/2=10/20/40/20/10:

Layers 1, 2: 20% S469-YE+80% PETG Layers 32, 33: 55% PETG+25% DP 9665DU+20% S469-YE Layer 31: 30% PETG+50% DP 9665 DU+20% S469-YE

Desmopan 9665 DU, from the company Bayer Material Science, is athermoplastic elastomer based on urethane (ether type) with a Shore Dhardness of 75 (Shore A hardness 98) and an elongation at break of 350%(foil M5e). It is UV-stabilized, resistant to microbes and tohydrolysis.

S469-YE from the company Sukano is a white additive.

S462 from the company Sukano is an antiblocking agent.

S465 from the company Sukano is a laser additive.

Hereinafter there will be stated some exemplary extruder settings formanufacturing the foil composite material 4.

Processing Parameters:

Preferred processing temperatures Extruder C Zone 1 Zone 2 Zones 3 to nMelt pipes, pump, filter Feedblock/Nozzle 30° C.-80° C. 180° C.-270° C.190° C.-270° C. 190° C.-270° C. 190° C.-270° C.

Particularly preferred processing temperatures Extruder C Zone 1 Zone 2Zones 3 to n Melt pipes, pump, filter Feedblock/Nozzle 40° C.-70° C.200° C.-250° C. 210° C.-250° C. 210° C.-250° C. 220° C.-250° C.

Preferred processing temperatures Extruder B Zone 1 Zone 2 Zones 3 to nMelt pipes, pump, filter Feedblock/Nozzle 30° C.-70° C. 190° C.-270° C.200° C.-270° C. 200° C.-270° C. 200° C.-270° C.

Particularly preferred processing temperatures Extruder B Zone 1 Zone 2Zones 3 to n Melt pipes, pump, filter Feedblock/Nozzle 40° C.-60° C.200° C.-260° C. 210° C.-260° C. 210° C.-260° C. 210° C.-260° C.

Preferred processing temperatures Extruder A Zone 1 Zone 2 Zones 3 to nMelt pipes, pump, filter Feedblock/Nozzle 30° C.-70° C. 200° C.-280° C.200° C.-280° C. 200° C.-280° C. 200° C.-280° C.

Particularly preferred processing temperatures Extruder A Zone 1 Zone 2Zones 3 to n Melt pipes, pump, filter Feedblock/Nozzle 40° C.-60° C.210° C.-260° C. 210° C.-260° C. 210° C.-260° C. 210° C.-260° C.

The respective favorable extruder settings can vary in dependence on theextruders used (throughput, screw geometries). They provide informationfor orientation, which a person skilled in the art can optionally adaptto the given extruder configurations by a few routine tests.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the foil composite material 4according to the invention. This embodiment has the simplest layerconstruction with a single inner layer 3 and two outer layers 1, 2. Theouter layers 1, 2 consist in turn of a thermoplastic polymer or amixture of thermoplastic polymers. As in all embodiments, polyester,polyester mixtures, in particular PETG, polycarbonate, polycarbonatemixtures and blends of polyester and polycarbonate are preferredthermoplastic polymers. The inner layer 3 consists of a mixture of atleast one thermoplastic elastomer, preferably an elastomer based onurethane, with a proportion of thermoplastic polymer. The thermoplasticpolymer used for the inner layer 3 is identical with the thermoplasticpolymer or polymer mixture that is used for the outer layers 1, 2. Forall embodiments of the foil composite material according to theinvention, urethane elastomers based on aromatic esters or aromaticethers are particularly preferred because of their special suitabilityfor coextrusion with thermoplastics. They are very particularlypreferred for an only three-layered foil composite material asrepresented in FIG. 2, because there are fewer possibilities forgradation with only a single inner layer than for example with athree-layered inner layer as represented in FIG. 1. Hence, it is moredifficult to create compatible transitions between the individuallayers.

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the foil composite material 4according to the invention wherein the inner layer 3 is constructed asin the foil composite material represented in FIG. 1, but the firstouter layer 1 and the second outer layer 2 are respectively constructedfrom an exterior outer layer 12, 22 and an interior outer layer 11, 21.The foil composite material thus has altogether seven layers. As ageneral rule, the manufacture of the foil composite material is the moredifficult the more layers the foil composite material has. Hence,variants with outer layers 1, 2 that are constructed from severalpartial layers are less preferred. They are expedient primarily whenthere is to be incorporated into an exterior partial layer 12, 22 aconstituent that is incompatible with a constituent of the inner layer3, or when for example a separate partial layer is to be equipped withan antiblocking agent. The corresponding admixtures are then presentonly in the exterior first outer layer 12 and/or the exterior secondouter layer 22.

FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 respectively show exemplary layer constructions forcard bodies 5 according to the invention. In general, card bodiesaccording to the invention consist of a card core 6 which is typicallyconstructed from one to seven layers. In the figures there arerespectively represented three core layers, an inner core layer 9, afirst outer core layer 7 and a second outer core layer 7′. In cardbodies of the prior art, the card cores consist of thermoplastic foils,typically made of PVC, PET, ABS, polyester, PC, PEC and the like. Suchfoils can also be used for card cores according to the invention.Between the foil layers and/or in recesses of the foil layers there canbe located electronic components such as electronic modules andantennas. Other features, such as for example security elements orimprints, can also be provided. The layer construction of the cardbodies 5 is respectively completed on the outer side by a cover layer 8,8′. The foils forming the layer construction are preferablyinterconnected by laminating, which is why all materials used should bereadily laminatable to each other.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a card body 5 according to the inventionhaving a card core 6, consisting of a PVC or PET foil 9 onto which acoil (not shown) is imprinted, and two PVC films 7, 7′. The layerconstruction is completed by the two cover foils 8, 8′ which consist ofthe foil composite material 4 according to the invention, as wasdescribed hereinabove.

In recesses of the foils 7, 8 there is located a chip module 15 which isglued to the card body by means of a module pad 16 made of moduleadhesive. Contacts 17 establish the electrical contact to the coil (notshown) imprinted onto the foil 9.

When the foil composite material 4 according to the invention is used asa cover layer (overlay foil), as represented in FIG. 4, it is preferablytransparent. The use of the foil composite material according to theinvention exclusively as a cover layer has the advantage that the gluingof the chip module 15 is effected exclusively to standard card foils, sothat the usual standard module adhesive can still be used for the modulepad 16.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a card body 5 according to theinvention. Here the card core 6 consists of a PVC or PET foil 9 with animprinted antenna coil (not shown) which is adjoined on both sides bythe layers 7, 7′ made of the foil composite material 4 according to theinvention. The layer construction is completed by the two cover layers8, 8′ made of PVC foil. As in the embodiment represented in FIG. 4, achip module 15 is glued into the card body 5 by means of a module pad 16and has contacts 17 for contacting the antenna coil.

When the foil composite material 4 according to the invention forms apartial layer or partial layers of the core 6, as in the embodimentrepresented in FIG. 5, it is preferably of opaque design. Thisembodiment has the advantage that the foil composite material accordingto the invention, because it is located in the gluing region of the chipmodule, can especially well compensate stresses that are built up in thematerial through the action of temperature (hot-melt gluing) uponimplanting of the module.

A further alternative embodiment of a card body 5 according to theinvention is represented in FIG. 6. Here, the card core 6 consists ofthe inner core layer 9 made of PVC or PET foil, the first outer corelayer 7 and the second outer core layer 7′, both made of foil compositematerial 4 according to the invention in opaque design. The two coverlayers 8, 8′ likewise consist of foil composite material 4 according tothe invention, this time in transparent design. A chip module 15 isimplanted into the card body and glued as in the embodiments of FIG. 4and FIG. 5. This embodiment with foil composite material 4 according tothe invention both as a partial core layer and as a cover layer givesthe card body 5 especially advantageous mechanical properties. On theone hand, stresses built up through the action of temperature uponimplanting of the module are compensated well by the partial core layersaccording to the invention, and, on the other hand, the far outwardlylocated cover foils 8, 8′ made of foil composite material 4 according tothe invention ensure a high breaking strength, lack of tendency toblock, good printability and stiffness.

In FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the card constructions are respectively representedsymmetrically, but this is not necessary. Embodiments are for examplealso possible wherein the foil composite material 4 according to theinvention is used only as one of the cover layers and/or as a partialcore layer. Upon use as a cover layer, the layer thickness of the foilcomposite material 4 is typically no more than half as great as upon theuse as a partial core layer.

Through the employment of the foil composite material according to theinvention as a cover layer (or cover layers) and/or as a core layer (orcore layers) in a card body, the mechanical properties of card bodiescan be decisively improved over card bodies of the prior art. The cardbodies can be subjected to stronger and more frequent bending loadswithout there occurring stresses, cracks or breaks of the card body.Stresses arising from the installation of electronic modules, whichalways cause a weakening of the card body, can also be compensated andthus the mechanical properties of the card body improved. The foilcomposite material according to the invention can be employed in thecard bodies instead of any standard foil.

In particular card constructions wherein the foil composite materialaccording to the invention is employed in the interior of the cardconstruction, as represented by way of example in FIG. 5, have excellentmechanical properties, such as excellent strength and stiffness. Thisbecomes evident particularly in the case of actions of impact force,which otherwise as a rule lead to card breakage. This is due to thegreater thickness of the foil composite material core layers, and thusthe higher proportion of the foil composite material according to theinvention in the card body altogether.

The foil composite material according to the invention is also verystable in itself, i.e. there is a firm bond between its individualpartial layers without any danger of the partial layers separating fromeach other upon load. This stability is achieved by suitable gradationsof the compositions of the partial layers which result in similarprocessing properties of neighboring partial layers.

The foil composite material according to the invention can bemanufactured inexpensively, and there is a wide spectrum of suitablethermoplastic elastomers with different properties available on themarket. The foil composite material is easy to process by thecoextrusion method and is also characterized by especially simplehandling in further processing, i.e. it can for example be printedwithout any problems and laminated to all common card materials. It alsodoes not tend to block. The foil material can be manufactured with ahigh proportion of thermoplastic elastomer, which makes it very elasticand, upon use as a layer in a card body, considerably improves themechanical properties of the card body over card bodies without the foilcomposite material according to the invention.

1.-16. (canceled)
 17. A foil composite material, having a use as a layer in a card body, comprising: at least one first outer plastic layer, at least one inner plastic layer, at least one second outer plastic layer, wherein all the layers jointly form a coextruded composite, the plastic of the at least one first outer layer being a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers, the plastic of the at least one inner layer being a mixture of at least one thermoplastic elastomer and at least one thermoplastic polymer, the plastic of the at least one second outer layer being a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers.
 18. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the inner plastic layer comprises an interior layer and a first exterior layer and a second exterior layer.
 19. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the inner plastic layer contains the same thermoplastic polymer or mixture of thermoplastic polymers as the first and/or the second outer layer.
 20. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the plastic of the first and/or the second outer layer comprises a polyester or a mixture of polyesters, a polycarbonate or a mixture of polycarbonates, or a blend of polyester and polycarbonate.
 21. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the at least one thermoplastic elastomer of the inner layer comprises a urethane elastomer.
 22. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the plastic of the first and/or the second outer layer comprises a PET copolyester, the thermoplastic elastomer of the inner layer comprises an elastomer with a Shore D hardness of 35 to 50, and the plastic of the first and/or the second outer layer comprises a polycarbonate, the thermoplastic elastomer of the inner layer comprises an elastomer with a Shore D hardness of 50 to
 70. 23. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the thermoplastic elastomer comprises an elastomer that has a Shore D hardness between 40 and 70, and/or an elongation at break between 300% and 700%, and/or a melt viscosity of 7 to 10 cm³/10 min and/or a processing temperature between 190° C. and 240° C.
 24. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the foil composite material is transparent and has a first outer plastic layer, a first exterior inner plastic layer, an interior inner plastic layer, a second exterior inner plastic layer and a second outer plastic layer, the plastic of the first and the second outer layer is 100% a thermoplastic, the plastic of the first and the second exterior inner layer comprises 50 to 80% thermoplastic and 20 to 50% elastomer, and the plastic of the interior inner layer comprises 30 to 70%, thermoplastic and 70 to 30%, elastomer.
 25. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the foil composite material is opaque and comprises a first outer plastic layer, a first exterior inner plastic layer, an interior inner plastic layer, a second exterior inner plastic layer and a second outer plastic layer, wherein the material of the first and the second outer plastic layer comprises of 85% to 95% thermoplastic and 5 to 15% filler, the material of the first and the second exterior inner plastic layer comprises 20 to 50% elastomer, 75 to 25% thermoplastic and 5 to 15% filler, and the material of the interior inner plastic layer comprises of 50 to 70% elastomer, 15 to 45% thermoplastic and 5 to 15% filler.
 26. The foil composite material according to claim 17, wherein the thickness of the inner plastic layer constitutes 40 to 80% of the total thickness of the foil composite material.
 27. A method for manufacturing a foil composite material comprising a coextrusion of at least one first outer layer plastic material, at least one second outer layer plastic material, and at least one inner layer plastic material, comprising the steps: all the plastic materials are extruded and merged so as to form a foil composite material having an inner plastic layer covered on both sides by a first and a second outer plastic layer, the at least one first outer layer plastic material comprises a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers, the at least one second outer layer plastic material comprises a thermoplastic polymer or a mixture of thermoplastic polymers, and the at least one inner layer plastic material comprises a mixture of at least one thermoplastic elastomer and at least one thermoplastic polymer.
 28. The method according to claim 27, wherein an inner plastic layer is formed from an interior layer and a first exterior and a second exterior layer, and the first and the second outer plastic layer are extruded at a nozzle temperature of 200 to 280° C., the first and the second exterior inner plastic layer are extruded at a nozzle temperature of 200 to 270° C., and the interior inner plastic layer is extruded at a nozzle temperature of 190 to 270° C.
 29. A card body, having a use as a portable data carrier, and including a plurality of plastic layers laminated to each other, comprising a card core made of at least one inner core layer, and at least two cover layers for covering both surfaces of the card core, wherein at least one of the cover layers and/or at least one outer core layer comprises the foil composite material recited in claim
 17. 30. A method for manufacturing a card body, usable as a portable data carrier, and having a plurality of plastic layers, comprising: a card core made of at least one inner core layer, at least two cover layers for covering both surfaces of the card core, wherein the plastic layers are laminated to each other in one work operation or in several work operations, and wherein there is used as at least one of the cover layers and/or as at least one outer core layer the foil composite material recited in claim
 17. 31. The method according to claim 30, wherein laminating is effected at a temperature of between 120° C. and 200° C. 